publications, performances, and exhibitions), the impact of research beyond academia, and the environment that supports research. For each submission, three distinct elements are assessed: the quality of outputs (e.g.
It is a national process of review, carried out by expert sub-panels for each of 34 subject-based units of assessment (UoAs), under the guidance of four main panels. The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is the system for assessing research in UK Higher Education Institutions.
